The differences of Approach, Method, Technique, and Design

According to Edward Anthony (1963)

·         an Approach was a set of assumptions dealing with the nature of language, learning and teaching.

·         Method was described as an overall plan for systematic presentation of language based upon a selected approach.

·         Techniques were the specific activities manifested in the classroom that were consistent with a method and therefore were in harmony with an approach as well.

On these century, the Anthony’s terms are still common use among language teacher, but it’s more getting develop just like,

·         At the Approach level, affirm the ultimate importance of learning in a relaxed state of mental awareness just above the threshold of consciousness.

·         The method that follows might resemble.

·         Technique could include playing baroque music while reading in passage in the foreign language, getting student to sit in the yoga position while listening to a list of words, or having learners adopt a new name in classroom, and role play that new person.

A couple decades later, Jack Richards and Theodore Rodgers (1982, 1986) proposed a reformulation of the concept of Anthony’s terms “method”.

·         An Approach defines assumption, beliefs, and theories about the nature of language and language learning.

·         Designs specify the relationship of those theories to classroom materials and activities.

·         Procedures are the techniques and the practises that are derived from one’s approach and design.

Richards and Rodgers nudged us into at last relinquishing the notion that separate, definable, discrete methods are the essential building blocks of methodology. We could see that methods, as we still use and understand the term, are too restrictive, too pre-programmed, and too “pre-packaged”. Virtually all language teaching methods make the oversimplified assumption that what teachers “do” in the classroom can be conventionalized into a set of procedures that fit all context.

however their attempt to give a new meaning to an old term didn’t catch on pedagogical literature, so the call of “ method” is more comfortably referred to as “ methodology” in order to avoid confusion with what we always think of as those separate entities.

            Another terminological problem lies in the use of the term of “Designs”. Design is more comfortably refer to curricula or syllabuses when we refer to design the features of a language program.

• Methodology : Pedagogical practises in general (including theoretical under pinning and related research). Whatever considerations are involved in “how to teach” are methodological.
• Approach       : Theoretically well informed positions and beliefs about the nature of language, the nature of language learning, and the applicability of both to pedagogical settings.
• Method           : A generalized set of classroom specifications of accomplishing linguistic objectives.
• Curriculum/ syllabus : Design for carrying out a particular language program.
• Technique       : any of a wide variety of exercises, activities, or tasks used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objectives.

HOW TO CHOOSE A GOOD TEXTBOOK

Text book is a book which designed  to teach us something with the several exercises.

There are some exercises which provides by the text-book in other words for training and upgrading our skill and how we could understand the contain of the book so far. We could say it’s “an implementation” from what we’ve learned and that’s the main point of the text-book.

            There are many text books around us which realised by the writers with some series of the topics for everyone needs. When we decided to buy a text-book, we should consider about what kind of book we can buy, of course we need a good text-book which can offer us something that we need. What we need is what we’re working on, we have to selected on looking for a good text-book because when we were getting wrong to choose the book maybe from its contain isn’t in  proper or there’s nothing that we can take from the book, it means we have already wasted our available time or even money to read and buy something useless.

Over all it won’t be useless if we can choose the right one which provides us something what we need.

            from the study, a text-book which written over 10 years old isn’t probably good enough for the readers because a good text-book, it should have renewed or getting update with more examples and new methods, so we can build our thinking more growing up to see the differences that something happened in around us. we know that everyone’s life is always move on, every times we’re going to have a lot changes and it depends on our needed and the situation, so the renewable  text-book is very necessary to select

            A good text-book will have some illustration, it’s going more the easiest way to get more understanding on it. We do need it because we can’t only read or just even imagine but we have to know the real meaning of the contain of the text-book that showing us like it provides with some pictures or maybe some short tricks or methods like an example in math problem solving which doesn’t need more words because it only needs the formula and of course it’s really help full for us.

            A text-book which provides several exercises isn’t that way you said it’s too many asking to do, means with practice over and over again makes us remember what we’ve learned before and make it stay in our head for a long-term. It’s just like when the text-book overs many differences of the examples absolutely makes us think for twice, think hard, and always wonder about it. so it can make us keep working on it, on finding the answer.

            A good text-book should able to used by one or more people, when they’re using it together they can build another visions to see, compare or maybe challenge their understanding so far. The other things that we have to know a good text-book has a context which can give us the effectiveness the way to get more easier to understand for the example like in grammar the contain of the text-book overs many vocabularies to help us to complete the sentences in grammar so it’s not hard to do anymore. And a good text-book will put culture on the context and exercises which for makes us more aware and critical like what is the right and not right by it means what is the right and not right to do in the culture, it could open up our mind to face something and from that we know what we have to do.

Over all if the text-book has several things above, we can say that’s a good text-book to have, it’s really worthy to have. It gives us what we need, what we can take and keep it on mind, challenge our understanding in other words to improve our progress more significant than before and we learn about the culture which describe by the context and the examples in some exercises which can make us know what should we do and not to do, we know the bad or the good things from that.